两栖步兵军事训练伤发生机制及防治

目的 调查两栖步兵部队军事训练伤情况,并提出防治措施.方法 利用问卷与面谈调查某两栖部队385名官兵,分析训练伤发病情况及其影响因素.结果 约有47.5％的官兵发生训练伤.其中,五千米武装越野(36％)、400米障碍跑(30％)、战术训练(24％)等项目受伤比例高;山地(42.6％)、平地(41.5％)等环境容易受伤;训练强度过大、疲劳、自身技术动作错误等为主要诱因;20～25岁年龄段发生伤病的居多(48.4％);3年以下军龄的多发(50.2％);腰(42.6％)、膝(42.1％)、踝(36.1％)等部位好发;冬春季及夏季早期为训练伤高发期;运动系统损伤和环境损伤共同存在.结论 两栖步兵兼有陆地及濒海训练的要求,需要加强对基层官兵训练伤的重视,完善基础研究,探索防治措施.     

Mortality,length of stay and costs associated with acute graft-versus-host disease during hospitalization for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a common and life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The extent to which aGVHD increases inpatient costs associated with allo-HSCT has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this analysis, mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs associated with aGVHD during allo-HSCT admissions are evaluated.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of discharge records from the National Inpatient Sample database for patients receiving allo-HSCT between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013. Allo-HSCT discharges with an aGVHD diagnosis were included in the aGVHD group and those without any graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) diagnosis comprised the non-GVHD group. Mortality, LOS and costs were compared between the two groups, as well as within subgroups, including age (<18 vs. ≥18 years) and survival status (alive vs. deceased) at discharge.

Results: Overall, mortality (16.2% vs. 5.3%; p?<?.01), median hospital LOS (42.0 vs. 26.0 days; p?<?.01) and median total costs ($173,144 vs. $98,982; p?<?.01) were significantly increased in patients with aGVHD versus those without GVHD during hospitalizations for allo-HSCT, irrespective of age group. Patients with aGVHD who were <18 years of age had a lower mortality rate but greater hospital LOS and total costs versus patients aged ≥18 years. Patients who died during allo-HSCT hospitalization had longer LOS and incurred greater costs than those who survived in both the aGVHD and non-GVHD groups.

Conclusion: Occurrence of aGVHD during allo-HSCT admissions resulted in a tripling of the mortality rate and a near doubling of hospital LOS and total costs. In addition, death during allo-HSCT hospitalizations was associated with greater healthcare utilization and costs. Effectively mitigating aGVHD may improve survival and substantially reduce hospital LOS and costs for allo-HSCT.     

四川省三州地区卫生人力资源配置与公平性评价分析

目的:了解2011-2017年四川省三州地区卫生人力资源配置现状,为三州地区卫生人力资源的合理配置提供参考。方法:利用千人卫生人力资源拥有量指标、基尼系数和卫生人力资源密度指数(HRDI)分析卫生人力资源配置现状及其公平性。结果:三州地区千人卫生人力资源拥有量呈增长趋势;基尼系数大多超过0.4,仅护士按人口分布的基尼系数较小;卫生人力资源密度指数较小,需要量、缺乏量及缺乏比例均较大。结论:三州地区卫生人力得到一定程度改善;但配置公平性较差,尤其按地理、经济分布很不均衡;医护人员短缺,需要重点投入。     

马齿苋“成分-活性-中药功效-疾病”研究进展及关联分析

马齿苋是一种药食同源品,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、止痢的功效,为常见中药,作为药物安全性高。马齿苋具有多种活性成分及药理作用,为了充分开发利用马齿苋,加快马齿苋研究的现代化进程,综述马齿苋的研究进展并在此基础上对于其"成分-活性-中药功效-疾病"进行关联分析,为马齿苋的现代化研究提供思路。     

Enumerating the preventive youth health care workforce: Size,composition and regional variation in the Netherlands

The progress in workforce planning in preventive youth health care (YHC) is hampered by a lack of data on the current workforce. This study aimed to enumerate the Dutch YHC workforce. To understand regional variations in workforce capacity we compared these with the workforce capacity and the number of children and indicators of YHC need per region.A national survey was conducted using online questionnaires based on WHO essential public health operations among all YHC workers. Respondents (n = 3220) were recruited through organisations involved in YHC (participation: 88%).The YHC workforce is multi-disciplinary, 62% had >10 years working experience within YHC and only small regional variations in composition existed. The number of children per YHC professional varied between regions (range 688–1007). All essential public health operations were provided and could be clustered in an operational or policy profile. The operational profile prevailed in all regions. Regional differences in the number of children per YHC professional were unrelated to the indicators of YHC need.The essential public health operations provided by the YHC workforce and the regional variations in children per YHC professional were not in line with indicators of YHC needs, indicating room for improvement of YHC workforce planning. The methodology applied in this study is probably relevant for use in other countries.     

环子孢子蛋白基因检测法对1例间日疟病例的溯源

对2014年1例初诊为河南省本地感染的间日疟病例进行实验室检测与流行病学溯源调查,以明确其感染来源。收集该病例的流行病学资料,分别采用厚薄血膜吉氏染色法、疟疾快速诊断试纸(RDT)法和巢式PCR法检查患者外周血液,并对其环子孢子蛋白(CSP)基因序列进行分析。流行病学调查显示,该患者曾于2013年5月至缅甸停留约1周,同年6月发病,确诊为间日疟,经青蒿琥酯治疗后,疟原虫转阴,症状消失。CSP基因序列分析显示,该患者前后两次发病时的血样扩增出的CSP序列的中央重复区完全一致,与缅甸分离株(Gen Bank登录号为ABS95455和ABS95456)的序列一致性分别为95.1%和100%,与2个河南分离株HN3和HN7(登录号为KP888996和KP889000)的序列一致性分别为88.8%和67.1%。推测该病例为输入性间日疟复发病例。     

本科实习护生患者安全态度及影响因素的调查分析

目的调查本科实习护生的患者安全态度现状,并分析影响因素,为开展患者安全教育提供参考。方法采用中文版安全态度问卷(C-SAQ)对重庆市某医学院校的225名本科实习护生进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析。结果实习护生患者安全态度总均分为(3.75±0.54)分,安全态度6个维度的平均分由高到低依次为管理感知、工作满意、压力感知、团队合作、安全氛围和工作条件。多元线性回归分析结果表明,每周工作时间短、接受过患者安全教育、实习期间未发生过护理差错的本科实习护生患者安全态度更积极(P<0.05)。结论本科实习护生的患者安全态度处于中等水平。实习医院应将患者安全教育融入并贯穿于临床护理实践培养过程中,减轻实习护生的工作压力,重点关注经历过护理差错的护生,进而提高实习护生的患者安全态度。     

珠三角某市托幼机构饮用水卫生状况分析与调查

目的 了解珠三角某市托幼机构饮用水卫生状况,保障学前儿童饮水安全。方法 以分层抽样的方法,在某市抽取一定数量的托幼机构为研究对象,包括幼儿园和托儿所,开展水质监测及现场调查。结果 抽检样品187份,样品合格率73.26%,检测指标2 747项次,项次合格率97.71%。样品合格率末梢水(96.08%)高于饮用净水(65.42%)及开水(62.07%),托儿所(92.31%)高于幼儿园(70.19%)。14项检测指标中12项均合格,其中铁、耗氧量在饮用净水含量最低,浑浊度、砷、氯化物在开水含量最低,主要不合格指标为细菌总数、pH。微生物指标中菌落总数合格率72.19%,总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群均未检出。卫生学调查符合率最低的指标为周围环境无污染源(22.95%)。结论 该市托幼机构水质整体情况良好,饮用净水、开水存在卫生问题,应加强其监督监测。